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Java集合框架 —— TreeMap

声明:本文使用JDK1.8,如果有错希望指出

本文将简单介绍 JAVA 集合框架——TreeMap。TreeMap 集合是基于红黑树的 NavigableMap 实现。该集合最重要的特性就是可排序,该映射可以根据 Map 的键的自然顺序排序,或者根据创建时提供的 Comparator 进行排序,具体取决于使用的构造方法。

TreeMap 继承关系

源码分析

数据结构

TreeMap采用红黑树的数据结构来实现。树节点Entry实现了Map.Entry,采用内部类的方式实现:

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static final class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
K key;
V value;
Entry<K,V> left;
Entry<K,V> right;
Entry<K,V> parent;
boolean color = BLACK;

接下来看下 TreeMap 中支持红黑树的数据成员:

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public class TreeMap<K,V>
extends AbstractMap<K,V>
implements NavigableMap<K,V>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable{
//用于接收自定义比较器,插入时用于比对元素的大小
private final Comparator<? super K> comparator;
//红黑树的根节点
private transient Entry<K,V> root;
//树中元素个数
private transient int size = 0;
//
private transient int modCount = 0;

TreeMap 初始化与比较器

默认的构造器:

看源码注释,可以了解一些重点:

  • 默认构建方法创建一棵空树
  • 默认使用 key 的自然顺序构建有序树

除了使用 key 的默认比较器, TreeMap 还支持自定义比较器来初始化构造方法。

TreeMap 的 put 方法

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public V put(K key, V value) {
Entry<K,V> t = root;
if (t == null) {
compare(key, key); // type (and possibly null) check

root = new Entry<>(key, value, null);
size = 1;
modCount++;
return null;
}
int cmp;
Entry<K,V> parent;
// split comparator and comparable paths
Comparator<? super K> cpr = comparator;
if (cpr != null) {
do {
parent = t;
cmp = cpr.compare(key, t.key);
if (cmp < 0)
t = t.left;
else if (cmp > 0)
t = t.right;
else
return t.setValue(value);
} while (t != null);
}
else {
if (key == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Comparable<? super K> k = (Comparable<? super K>) key;
do {
parent = t;
cmp = k.compareTo(t.key);
if (cmp < 0)
t = t.left;
else if (cmp > 0)
t = t.right;
else
return t.setValue(value);
} while (t != null);
}
Entry<K,V> e = new Entry<>(key, value, parent);
if (cmp < 0)
parent.left = e;
else
parent.right = e;
fixAfterInsertion(e);
size++;
modCount++;
return null;
}

TreeMap 的 get 方法

TreeMap 的 get 方法其实只是一个简单的二叉树查找。

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public V get(Object key) {
Entry<K,V> p = getEntry(key);
return (p==null ? null : p.value);
}

final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {
//采用自定义比较器
if (comparator != null)
return getEntryUsingComparator(key);
if (key == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
//采用默认比较器
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Comparable<? super K> k = (Comparable<? super K>) key;
Entry<K,V> p = root;
while (p != null) {
int cmp = k.compareTo(p.key);
if (cmp < 0)
p = p.left;
else if (cmp > 0)
p = p.right;
else
return p;
}
return null;
}
//使用自定义比较器
final Entry<K,V> getEntryUsingComparator(Object key) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
K k = (K) key;
Comparator<? super K> cpr = comparator;
if (cpr != null) {
Entry<K,V> p = root;
while (p != null) {
int cmp = cpr.compare(k, p.key);
if (cmp < 0)
p = p.left;
else if (cmp > 0)
p = p.right;
else
return p;
}
}
return null;
}

TreeMap 的 remove 方法

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public V remove(Object key) {
Entry<K,V> p = getEntry(key);
if (p == null)
return null;

V oldValue = p.value;
deleteEntry(p);
return oldValue;
}
private void deleteEntry(Entry<K,V> p) {
modCount++;
size--;

// If strictly internal, copy successor's element to p and then make p
// point to successor.
if (p.left != null && p.right != null) {
Entry<K,V> s = successor(p);
p.key = s.key;
p.value = s.value;
p = s;
} // p has 2 children

// Start fixup at replacement node, if it exists.
Entry<K,V> replacement = (p.left != null ? p.left : p.right);

if (replacement != null) {
// Link replacement to parent
replacement.parent = p.parent;
if (p.parent == null)
root = replacement;
else if (p == p.parent.left)
p.parent.left = replacement;
else
p.parent.right = replacement;

// Null out links so they are OK to use by fixAfterDeletion.
p.left = p.right = p.parent = null;

// Fix replacement
if (p.color == BLACK)
fixAfterDeletion(replacement);
} else if (p.parent == null) { // return if we are the only node.
root = null;
} else { // No children. Use self as phantom replacement and unlink.
if (p.color == BLACK)
fixAfterDeletion(p);

if (p.parent != null) {
if (p == p.parent.left)
p.parent.left = null;
else if (p == p.parent.right)
p.parent.right = null;
p.parent = null;
}
}
}
static <K,V> TreeMap.Entry<K,V> successor(Entry<K,V> t) {
if (t == null)
return null;
else if (t.right != null) {
Entry<K,V> p = t.right;
while (p.left != null)
p = p.left;
return p;
} else {
Entry<K,V> p = t.parent;
Entry<K,V> ch = t;
while (p != null && ch == p.right) {
ch = p;
p = p.parent;
}
return p;
}
}

TreeMap 的 clear 方法

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public void clear() {
modCount++;
size = 0;
root = null;
}

Reference

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